Seasonal Spatiotemporal Changes in the NDVI and Its Driving Forces in Wuliangsu Lake Basin, Northern China from 1990 to 2020

In the context of global climate change, many studies have focused on interannual vegetation variation trends and their response to precipitation temperature, but ignored effects seasonal variability. This study explored relationship between normalized difference index (NDVI) elements in Wuliangsu Lake Basin area from 1990 2020, quantified impacts human activities dynamics. We used Landsat series data analyze spatial temporal NDVI using trend analysis method, Theil–Sen median, Mann–Kendall test, Hurst index. Then, we meteorological land use quantify residual analysis, correlation methods determine driving forces variations. The results showed that changes presented obvious regional characteristics, with a decreasing southeast northwest Basin. Due warming, start growing season (SOS) is 4.3 days (2001 2010) 6.8 (2011 2020) earlier compared 2000. end (EOS) advanced by 3.6 2010), delayed 8.9 2020). Seasonal (spring, summer, autumn, winter) NDVIs temperature show heterogeneity. Further, grasslands woodlands were vulnerable change activities. Since beginning 21st century, activity was force for improvement Dengkou, west-central, north southwest regions, where ecological instability weak. finding can provide theoretical basis implementation same type restoration projects construction civilization, contribute green sustainable development.